Four years into the war in Ukraine, documented patterns of indiscriminate attacks, summary executions, torture and forced transfers demand sustained avenues for accountability, from domestic prosecutions to the International Criminal Court’s arrest warrants (Human Rights Watch analysis, Feb 2026).

The systematic targeting of civilian infrastructure and allegations of deportations of children require comprehensive evidence preservation and international cooperation to enforce warrants and pursue universal‑jurisdiction cases.

Justice serves victims and deterrence alike. Western partners should support investigative capacity in Ukraine, fund documentation efforts, and coordinate to ensure that warrants do not become symbolic, but tools that can lead to arrests and trials of those across the chain of command.

 Sources: Human Rights Watch, ICC statements, Feb 2026.